How to buy shelves

The purchasing process of 1. shelf system

The purchasing process of shelf system mainly includes: the buyer puts forward the requirements of warehouse shelf system-supplier makes scheme design and selection-scheme discussion and optimization-scheme rationality and optimization degree evaluation-quotation-supplier selection-contract signing-detailed technical design of shelf system-shelf system manufacturing (material preparation, processing, surface treatment, packaging, etc.)-shelf system installation-acceptance.

The requirements of the buyer for the warehouse shelf system usually include: warehouse floor plan, specifications, characteristics and weight of unit (packaged) goods, specifications, stack height and load weight of unit pallet goods, access methods (manual access, mechanical access, automatic access) and access equipment, storage requirements, frequency requirements for entering and leaving the warehouse, management system requirements, control methods, etc.

Classification of 2. shelf systems

1. According to the shelf is fixed or mobile type, can be divided:

(1) fixed shelves: fixed shelves can be subdivided into shelf type, tray type, through type, gravity type, press type, attic type, steel structure platform, cantilever type, mobile type, drawer type and bull leg type shelves, etc.

(2) Mobile shelves: Mobile shelves can be subdivided into mobile shelves and rotary shelves, in which mobile shelves can be subdivided into light and medium-sized mobile shelves (also known as dense shelves, divided into manual and electric), heavy pallet type mobile shelves, rotary shelves can be subdivided into horizontal rotary shelves, heavy straight rotary shelves.

2. According to the overall structure of the shelf is welded or assembled, can be divided:

(1) welded shelves. (2) Assembled shelves. At present, most of the domestic use of assembled shelves.

3. According to the shelf system and warehouse building structure connection or not, can be divided:

(1) Integrated shelf. The shelf system and the roof of the building constitute an inseparable whole, and the roof load is directly supported by the shelf column, and the building's enclosure (wall) structure is installed on the pillars on both sides.

(2) separation of structural shelves. The racking system and the building are two separate systems with no direct connection to each other.

4. According to the load capacity of each layer of the shelf, it can be roughly divided:

(1) light shelf: each layer load is not more than 200kg.

(2) medium shelf: each layer load is 200~500kg.

(3) heavy shelf: each layer load in 500kg or more.

5. According to the height of the shelf is divided

(1) Low shelf: height below 5m.

(2) high shelf: height 5~12m.

(3) Ultra-high shelf: more than 12m.

3. the structural characteristics, application scope and selection principles of various shelf systems

1. Shelf type rack

Shelf shelves are usually manual access to goods, assembled structure, uniform and adjustable layer spacing, goods are often loose pieces or not very heavy packaged goods (convenient for manual access), shelf height is usually below 2.5m, otherwise it is difficult to reach manually (if supplemented by climbing car, it can be set at about 3m). The unit shelf span (I. e., length) should not be too long, and the unit shelf depth (I. e., width) should not be too deep. According to the load capacity of each layer of the unit shelf, it can be divided into light, medium and heavy shelf shelves. The laminates are mainly steel laminates and wood laminates.

(1) light shelf type shelves: unit shelves each layer load is not more than 200kg, the total load is generally not more than 2000kg. The unit shelf span is usually not more than 2m, the depth is not more than 1m (mostly within 0.6m), and the height is generally within 3m. The common shelf structure is angle steel column, which is light and beautiful in appearance and is mainly suitable for storing light and small items. Less capital investment, widely used in electronics, light industry, culture and education and other industries.

(2) medium shelf type shelves: unit shelves each layer load is generally between 200~800kg, the total load is generally not more than 5000kg. The unit shelf span is usually not more than 2.6m, the depth is not more than 1m, and the height is generally within 3m. If the span of the unit shelf is within 2m and the layer load is within 500kg, it is usually more appropriate to choose the beamless medium shelf shelf shelf. If the span of the unit shelf is more than 2m, only the beam type medium shelf shelf can be selected. Compared with the beam type medium shelf, the non-beam type medium shelf has more adjustable space between layers, is more stable and beautiful, has better coordination with the environment, and is more suitable for some warehouses with higher cleanliness requirements. Beam type medium shelf shelves have stronger industrial characteristics and are more suitable for storing metal structure products. Medium shelf type shelves are widely used and are suitable for all walks of life.

(3) heavy shelf type shelves: the load of each layer of unit shelves is usually between 500 and 1500kg, the span of unit shelves is generally within 3m, the depth is within 1.2m, and the height is not limited, and it is usually combined with and coexists with heavy pallet type shelves. the following layers are shelf type, manual access operation, and the parts with a height of more than 2m are usually pallet type shelves, which are accessed by forklifts. It is mainly used in situations that require both full-trust access and zero-deposit access. It is more common in large warehouse supermarkets and logistics centers.

2. Tray type shelf

Tray type shelves, also known as beam type shelves, or cargo type shelves, usually heavy shelves, in the domestic storage shelf system is the most common. First of all, the unitization work must be carried out, that is, the packaging of goods and their weight and other characteristics must be assembled, and the type, specification and size of pallets, as well as the load weight and stacking height of single pallet (the weight of single pallet goods is generally within 2000kg) must be determined. Then the span, depth and layer spacing of unit shelves are determined, and the height of shelves is determined according to the effective height of the lower edge of warehouse roof frame and the maximum fork height. The span of unit shelves is generally within 4m, the depth is within 1.5m, the height of low and high warehouse shelves is generally within 12m, and the height of ultra-high warehouse shelves is generally within 30m (such warehouses are basically automated warehouses, and the total height of shelves is composed of several columns within 12m). In such warehouses, low and high warehouses mostly use forward-moving battery forklifts, balanced battery forklifts and three-way forklifts for access operations. Electric stackers can also be used when shelves are short, and stackers are used for access operations in ultra-high warehouses. This kind of shelf system has high space utilization, flexible and convenient access, supplemented by computer management or control, and can basically meet the requirements of modern logistics system. Widely used in manufacturing, third-party logistics and distribution centers and other fields, not only for many varieties of small-volume items, but also for small varieties of large-volume items. Such shelves are most widely used in high-level warehouses and ultra-high-level warehouses (most shelves in automated warehouses use such shelves).

3. Through-type shelf

Through-type shelves are also called corridor-type shelves and drive-in shelves. This system has dense shelf arrangement and extremely high space utilization rate, which is almost twice that of pallet shelves. However, the goods must be of small variety and large quantity, and the goods must be delivered after being advanced. First of all, the container unit must be carried out to determine the specifications, load capacity and stacking height of the pallet. From this, the span, depth and layer spacing of the unit shelf are determined, and the height of the shelf is determined according to the effective height of the lower edge of the roof truss. The total depth of the shelf in the wall area is preferably controlled within 6 pallet depths, and the total depth of the shelf area in the middle area that can enter and exit on both sides is preferably controlled within 12 pallet depths, so as to improve the efficiency and reliability of forklift access (in this kind of shelf system, forklift is a continuous "lifting and hitting" operation mode, forklift is easy to shake and hit the shelf, so it is very important to consider the stability sufficiently). The stability of this kind of storage system is weak, the shelf should not be too high, usually should be controlled within 10m, and in order to strengthen the stability of the whole shelf system, in addition to the specifications of pos machine, selection to be larger, but also to add a pull solid device. Single-pallet goods should not be too large or heavy, usually the weight should be controlled within 1500kg, and the pallet span should not be greater than 1.5m. Forklifts are often equipped with forward-moving battery forklifts or balanced weight battery forklifts. More used in dairy, beverage and other food industry, cold storage is also more common.

4. Gravity shelf

Gravity shelves are evolved from pallet shelves. Roller tracks or bottom wheel pallets are adopted. The tracks show a certain slope (about 3 degrees). The self-weight of goods is used to realize the first-in, first-out and first-out of goods. It is suitable for the first-in, first-out storage of large quantities and similar goods. The space utilization rate is very high, especially for goods that have a certain warranty period and are not suitable for long-term overstocked. The total depth of the shelf (I. e., the length of the guide rail) should not be too large, otherwise the up and down "dead corners" that cannot be used will be large, which will affect the use of space, and the ramp will be too long, the controllability of the slide will be poor, and the impulse of the slide will be large. In order to make the sliding smooth, such as the ramp is long, a damping device should be added in the middle. In order to prevent the palletized goods from overturning due to excessive impact force when they slide to the bottom, a buffer device and a pick-up separation device should be set at the lowest point of the ramp. Therefore, the design, manufacture and installation are difficult and the cost is high. Such shelves should not be too high, generally within 6m, the weight of single-pallet goods is generally within 1000kg, otherwise its reliability and operability will be reduced. This type of shelf system is currently not a lot of domestic applications.

5. Press-in shelves

Press-in shelves are also evolved from pallet shelves. The principle of combining rails and pallet trolleys is adopted. The rails show a certain slope (about 3 degrees). The weight of the goods is used to realize the advanced and backward exit of pallet goods, with the same side entering and the same side leaving. It is suitable for the storage of large quantities and small varieties of goods, with high space utilization rate and flexible and convenient access. The total depth of the shelf should not be too deep, generally within 5 pallets, otherwise the space will be sacrificed due to the mutual embedding of the pallet trolley. The weight of single-pallet goods is generally within 1500kg, and the shelf height is generally within 6m. Such systems have high requirements for the manufacturing accuracy of the shelves, and the coordination between the pallet trolley and the guide rail is particularly important. If the manufacturing and installation accuracy is not high, it is easy to cause the poor operation of the shelf system. This kind of shelf cost is higher, in the country has a certain application.

6. attic shelf

The attic shelf system is to build an intermediate attic on the existing work site or shelf to increase storage space. It can be used as a 2. three-storey attic. It is suitable for storing some light foam and small and medium-sized goods. It is suitable for multi-variety large-batch or multi-variety small-batch goods. The goods are usually transported to the second and third floors by forklifts, hydraulic lifting platforms or cargo ladders, and then to a certain position by light trolleys. Such systems usually use medium-sized shelf shelves or heavy-duty shelf shelves as the support of the main body and floor panels (which shelf is selected according to the total load of the unit shelves). The floor panels usually use cold-rolled steel floors, checkered steel floors or steel grating floors. In recent years, the use of cold-rolled steel floor, it has a strong bearing capacity, good integrity, bearing uniformity, high precision, smooth surface, easy to lock and other advantages, there are a variety of types of options, and easy to match the lighting system, access, management are more convenient. The load capacity of each layer of unit shelves is usually within 500kg, the floor spacing is usually 2.2m ~ 2.7m, and the height of the top shelf is generally about 2m, taking full account of the convenience of man-machine operation. Such systems are widely used in the field of auto parts, automobile 4S shops, light industry, electronics and other industries.